22.1 Definitions.
1. The term "government body" means this state, or any county,
city, township, school corporation, political subdivision, tax-supported
district, nonprofit corporation other than a county or district fair or
agricultural society, whose facilities or indebtedness are supported in
whole or in part with property tax revenue and which is licensed to conduct
pari-mutuel wagering pursuant to Chapter 99D, or other entity of this state,
or any branch, department, board, bureau, commission, council, committee,
official or officer, of any of the foregoing or any employee delegated the
responsibility for implementing the requirements of this chapter.
2. The term "lawful custodian" means the government body currently
in physical possession of the public record. The custodian of a public record
in the physical possession of persons outside a government body is the government
body owning that record. The records relating to the investment of public
funds are the property of the public body responsible for the public funds.
Each government body shall delegate to particular officials or employees
of that government body the responsibility for implementing the requirements
of this chapter and shall publicly announce the particular officials or
employees to whom responsibility for implementing the requirements of this
chapter has been delegated. "Lawful custodian" does not mean an
automated data processing unit of a public body if the data processing unit
holds the records solely as the agent of another public body, nor does it
mean a unit which holds the records of other public bodies solely for storage.
3. As used in this chapter, "public records" includes all records,
documents, tape, or other information, stored or preserved in any medium,
of or belonging to this state or any county, city, township, school corporation,
political subdivision, nonprofit corporation other than a county or district
fair or agricultural society, whose facilities or indebtedness are supported
in whole or in part with property tax revenue and which is licensed to conduct
pari-mutuel wagering pursuant to chapter 99D, or tax-supported district
in this state, or any branch, department, board, bureau, commission, council,
or committee of any of the foregoing. "Public records" also includes
all records relating to the investment of public funds including but not
limited to investment policies, instructions, trading orders, or contracts,
whether in the custody of the public body responsible for the public funds
or a fiduciary or other third party.
22.2 Right to examine public records exception.
1. Every person shall have the right to examine and copy public records
and to publish or otherwise disseminate public records or the information
contained therein. The right to copy public records shall include the right
to make photographs or photographic copies while the records are in the
possession of the custodian of the records. All rights under this section
are in addition to the right to obtain certified copies of records under
section 622.46.
2. A government body shall not prevent the examination or copying of a public
record by contracting with a non-government body to perform any of its duties
or functions.
3. However, notwithstanding subsections 1 and 2, a government body is not
required to permit access to or use of the following:
a. A geographic computer data base by any person except upon terms and conditions
acceptable to the governing body. The governing body shall establish reasonable
rates and procedures for the retrieval of specified records, which are not
confidential records, stored in the data base upon the request of any person.
b. Data processing software developed by the government body, as provided
in section 22.3A.
22.3 Supervision.
Such examination and copying shall be done under the supervision of the
lawful custodian of the records or the custodian's authorized deputy. The
lawful custodian may adopt and enforce reasonable rules regarding such work
and the protection of the records against damage or disorganization. The
lawful custodian shall provide a suitable place for such work, but if it
is impracticable to do such work in the office of the lawful custodian,
the person desiring to examine or copy shall pay any necessary expenses
of providing a place for such work. All expenses of such work shall be paid
by the person desiring to examine or copy. The lawful custodian may charge
a reasonable fee for the services of the lawful custodian or the custodian's
authorized deputy in supervising the records during such work. If copy equipment
is available at the office of the lawful custodian of any public records,
the lawful custodian shall provide any person a reasonable number of copies
of any public record in the custody of the office upon the payment of a
fee. The fee for the copying service as determined by the lawful custodian
shall not exceed the cost of providing the service.
22.3A Access to data processing software.
1. As used in this section:
a. "Access" means the instruction of, communication with, storage
of data in, or retrieval of data from a computer.
b. "Computer" means an electronic device which performs logical,
arithmetical, and memory functions by manipulations of electronic or magnetic
impulses, and includes all input, output, processing, storage, and communication
facilities which are connected or related to the computer including a computer
network. As used in this paragraph, "computer" includes any central
processing unit, front-end processing unit miniprocessor, or microprocessor,
and related peripheral equipment such as data storage devices, document
scanners, data entry terminal controllers, and data terminal equipment and
systems for computer networks.
c. "Computer network" means a set of related, remotely connected
devices and communication facilities including two or more computers with
capability to transmit data among them through communication facilities.
d. "Data" means a representation of information, knowledge, facts,
concepts, or instructions that has been prepared or is being prepared in
a formalized manner and has been processed, or is intended to be processed,
in a computer. Data may be stored in any form, including but not limited
to a printout, magnetic storage media, disk, compact disc, punched card,
or as memory of a computer.
e. "Data processing software" means an ordered set of instructions
or statements that, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to
process data, and includes any program or set of programs, procedure, or
routines used to employ and control capabilities of computer hardware. As
used in this paragraph "data processing software" includes but
is not limited to an operating system, compiler, assembler, utility, library
resource, maintenance routine, application, or computer networking program.
2. A government body may provide, restrict, or prohibit access to data processing
software developed by the government body, regardless of whether the data
processing software is separated or combined with a public record. A government
body shall establish policies and procedures to provide access to public
records which are combined with its data processing software. A public record
shall not be withheld from the public because it is combined with data processing
software. A government body shall not acquire any electronic data processing
system for the storage, manipulation, or retrieval of public records that
would impair the government body's ability to permit the examination of
a public record and the copying of a public record in either written or
electronic form. If it is necessary to separate a public record from data
processing software in order to permit the examination or copying of the
public record, the government body shall bear the cost of separation of
the public record from the data processing software. The electronic public
record shall be made available in a format usable with commonly available
data process or data base management software. The cost chargeable to a
person receiving a public record separated from data processing software
under this subsection shall not be in excess of the charge under this chapter
unless the person receiving the public record requests that the public record
be specially processed. A government body may establish payment rates and
procedures required to provide access to data processing software, regardless
of whether the data processing software is separated from or combined with
a public record. Proceeds from payments may be considered repayment receipts,
as defined in section 8.2. The payment amount shall be calculated as follows:
a. If access to the data processing software is provided to a person solely
for the purpose of accessing a public record, the amount shall be not more
than that required to recover direct publication costs, including but not
limited to editing, compilation, and media production costs, incurred by
the government body in developing the data processing software, and preparing
the data processing software for transfer to the person. The amount shall
be in addition to any other fee required to be paid under this chapter for
the examination and copying of a public record. The government body shall,
if requested provide documentation which explains and justifies the amount
charged. This paragraph shall not apply to any publication for which a price
has been established pursuant to another section, including section 7A.22.
b. If access to the data processing software is provided to a person for
a purpose other than provided in paragraph "a", the amount may
be established according to the discretion of the government body, and may
be based upon competitive market considerations as determined by the government
body.
3. A government body is granted and may apply for and receive any legal
protection necessary to secure a right to or an interest in data processing
software developed by the government body, including, but not limited to
federal copyright, patent, and trademark protections, and any trade secret
protection available under chapter 550. The government body may enter into
agreements for the sale or distribution of its data processing software,
including marketing and licensing agreements. The government body may impose
conditions upon the use of the data processing software that is otherwise
consistent with state and federal law.
22.4 Hours when available.
The rights of persons under this chapter may be exercised at any time during
the customary office hours of the lawful custodian of the records. However,
if the lawful custodian does not have customary office hours of at least
thirty hours per week, such right may be exercised at any time from nine
o'clock a.m. to noon and from one o'clock p.m. to four o'clock p.m. Monday
through Friday excluding legal holidays, unless the person exercising such
right and the lawful custodian agree on a different time.
22.5 Enforcement of rights.
The provisions of this chapter and all rights of persons under this chapter
may be enforced by mandamus or injunction, whether or not any other remedy
is also available. In the alternative, rights under this chapter also may
be enforced by an action for judicial review according to the provisions
of the Iowa administrative procedure Act, if the records involved are records
of an "agency" as defined in that Act.
22.6 Penalty.
It shall be unlawful for any person to deny or refuse any citizen of Iowa
any right under this chapter, or to cause any such right to be denied or
refused. Any person knowingly violating or attempting to violate any provision
of this chapter where no other penalty is provided shall be guilty of a
simple misdemeanor.
22.7 Confidential records.
The following public records shall be kept confidential, unless otherwise
ordered by a court, by the lawful custodian of the records, or by another
person duly authorized to release such information:
[Editor's Note: The following list is not exhaustive. Other
sections of the code also may provide for confidentiality.]
1. Personal information in records regarding a student, prospective student,
or former student maintained, created, collected or assembled by or for
a school corporation or educational institution maintaining such records.
2. Hospital records, medical records, and professional counselor records
of the conditions, diagnosis, care, or treatment of a patient or former
patient or a counselee or former counselee, including outpatient. However,
confidential communications between a crime victim and the victim's counselor
are not subject to disclosure except as provided in section 236A.1. However,
the Iowa department of public health shall adopt rules which provide for
the sharing of information among agencies concerning the maternal and child
health program, while maintaining an individual's confidentiality.
3. Trade secrets which are recognized and protected as such by law.
4. Records which represent and constitute the work product of an attorney,
which are related to litigation or claim made by or against a public body.
5. Peace officers' investigative reports, except where disclosure is authorized
elsewhere in this Code. However, the date, time, specific location, and
immediate facts and circumstances surrounding a crime or incident shall
not be kept confidential under this section, except in those unusual circumstances
where disclosure would plainly and seriously jeopardize an investigation
or pose a clear and present danger to the safety of an individual.
6. Reports to governmental agencies which, if released, would give advantage
to competitors and serve no public purpose.
7. Appraisals or appraisal information concerning the purchase of real or
personal property for public purposes, prior to public announcement of a
project.
8. Iowa department of economic development information on an industrial
prospect with which the department is currently negotiating.
9. Criminal identification files of law enforcement agencies. However, records
of current and prior arrests and criminal history data shall be public records.
10. Personal information in confidential personnel records of the military
division of the department of public defense of the state.
11. Personal information in confidential personnel records of public bodies
including but not limited to cities, boards of supervisors and school districts.
12. Financial statements submitted to the department of agriculture and
land stewardship pursuant to chapter 542 or chapter 543, by or on behalf
of a licensed grain dealer or warehouse operator or by an applicant for
a grain dealer license or warehouse license.
13. The records of a library which, by themselves or when examined with
other public records, would reveal the identity of the library patron checking
out or requesting an item or information from the library. The records shall
be released to a criminal justice agency only pursuant to an investigation
of a particular person or organization suspected of committing a known crime.
The records shall be released only upon a judicial determination that a
rational connection exists between the requested release of information
and a legitimate end and that the need for the information is cogent and
compelling.
14. The material of a library, museum or archive which has been contributed
by a private person to the extent of any limitation that is a condition
of the contribution.
15. Information concerning the procedures to be used to control disturbances
at adult correctional institutions. Such information shall also be exempt
from public inspection under section 17A.3. As used in this subsection disturbance
means a riot or a condition that can reasonably be expected to cause a riot.
16. Information in a report to the Iowa department of public health, to
a local board of health, or to a local health department, which identifies
a person infected with a reportable disease.
17. Records of identity of owners of public bonds or obligations maintained
as provided in section 76.10 or by the issuer of the public bonds or obligations.
However, the issuer of the public bonds or obligations and a state or federal
agency shall have the right of access to the records.
18. Communications not required by law, rule, or procedure that are made
to a government body or to any of its employees by identified persons outside
of government, to the extent that the government body receiving those communications
from such persons outside of government could reasonably believe that those
persons would be discouraged from making them to that government body if
they were available for general public examination. Notwithstanding this
provision:
a. The communication is a public record to the extent that the person outside
of government making that communication consents to its treatment as a public
record.
b. Information contained in the communication is public record to the extent
that it can be disclosed without directly or indirectly indicating the identity
of the person outside of government making it or enabling others to ascertain
the identity of that person.
c. Information contained in the communication is a public record to the
extent that it indicates the date, time, specific location, and immediate
facts and circumstances surrounding the occurrence of a crime or other illegal
act, except to the extent that its disclosure would plainly and seriously
jeopardize a continuing investigation or pose a clear and present danger
to the safety of any person. In any action challenging the failure of the
lawful custodian to disclose any particular information of the kind enumerated
in this paragraph, the burden of proof is on the lawful custodian to demonstrate
that the disclosure of that information would jeopardize such an investigation
or would pose such a clear and present danger.
19. Examinations, including but not limited to cognitive and psychological
examinations for law enforcement officer candidates administered by or on
behalf of a governmental body, to the extent that their disclosure could
reasonably be believed by the custodian to interfere with the accomplishment
of the objectives for which they are administered.
20. Memoranda, work products and case files of a mediator and all other
confidential communications in the possession of an approved dispute resolution
center, as provided in chapter 679. Information in these confidential communications
is subject to disclosure only as provided in chapter 679.12 notwithstanding
this chapter.
21. Information concerning the nature and location of any archaeological
resource or site if, in the opinion of the state archaeologist, disclosure
of the information will result in unreasonable risk of damage to or loss
of the resource or site where the resource is located. This subsection shall
not be construed to interfere with the responsibilities of the federal government
or the state historical preservation officer pertaining to access, disclosure,
and use of archaeological site records.
22. Information concerning the nature and location of any ecologically sensitive
resource or site if, in the opinion of the director of the department of
natural resources after consultation with the state ecologist, disclosure
of the information will result in unreasonable risk of damage to or loss
of the resource or site where the resource is located. This subsection shall
not be construed to interfere with the responsibilities of the federal government
or the director of the department of natural resources and the state ecologist
pertaining to access, disclosure, and use of the ecologically sensitive
site records.
[Editor's Note: Exemptions 23 and 24 provide some confidentiality
to the Iowa Insurance Commissioner and to the Iowa Life and Health Insurance
Guaranty Association in dealing with questions about the solvency, liquidation
or rehabilitation of insurance businesses. Some records in 508C.13 become
public upon court order or when the proceedings are completed.]
23. [See Editor's Note above.] Reports or recommendations of the
Iowa insurance guaranty association filed or made pursuant to section 515B.10,
subsection 1, paragraph "a," subparagraph (2).
24. [See Editor's Note above.] Information or reports collected or
submitted pursuant to section 508C.12, subsections 3 and 5, and section
508C.13, subsection 2, except to the extent that release is permitted under
those sections.
25. Records of purchases of alcoholic liquor from the alcoholic beverages
division of the department of commerce which would reveal purchases made
by an individual class "E" liquor control licensee. However, the
records may be revealed for law enforcement purposes or for the collection
of payments due the division pursuant to section 123.24.
26. Financial information, which if released would give advantage to competitors
and serve no public purpose, relating to commercial operations conducted
or intended to be conducted by a person submitting records containing the
information to the agricultural diversification bureau of the department
of agriculture and land stewardship for the purpose of obtaining assistance
in business planning.
27. Applications, investigation reports, and case records of persons applying
for county general assistance pursuant to section 252.25.
28. Marketing and advertising budget and strategy of a nonprofit corporation
which is subject to this chapter. However, this exemption does not apply
to salaries or benefits of employees who are employed by the nonprofit corporation
to handle the marketing and advertising responsibilities.
29. The information contained in records of the centralized employee registry
created in chapter 252G, except to the extent that disclosure is authorized
pursuant to chapter 252G.
30. Records and information obtained or held by independent special counsel
during the course of an investigation conducted pursuant to section 68B.34.
Information that is disclosed to a legislative ethics committee subsequent
to a determination of probable cause by independent special counsel and
made pursuant to section 68B.31 or 68B.32 is not a confidential record unless
otherwise provided by law.
31. Information contained in a declaration of paternity completed and filed
with the state registrar of vital statistics pursuant to section 144.12A,
except to the extent that the information may be provided to persons in
accordance with section 144.12A.
32. Memoranda, work products, and case files of a mediator and all other
confidential communications in the possession of a mediator, as provided
in chapters 86 and 216. Information in these confidential communications
is subject to disclosure only as provided in sections 86.44 and 216.15B,
notwithstanding any other contrary provision of this chapter.
33. Data processing software, as defined in section 22.3A, which is developed
by a government body.
34. Records of the Iowa department of public health pertaining to participants
in the gambling treatment program except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
35. Social security numbers of the owners of unclaimed property reported
to the treasurer of state pursuant to section 556.11, subsection 2, included
on claim forms filed with the treasurer of state pursuant to section 556.19,
included in outdated warrant reports received by the treasurer of state
pursuant to section 25.2, or stored in record systems maintained by the
treasurer of state for purposes of administering chapter 556, or social
security numbers of payees included on state warrants included in records
systems maintained by the department of revenue and finance for the purpose
of documenting and tracking outdated warrants pursuant to section 25.2.
36. A record required under the Iowa financial transaction reporting Act
listed in section 529.2, subsection 9.
22.8 Injunction to restrain examination.
1. The district court may grant an injunction restraining the examination,
including copying, of a specific public record or a narrowly drawn class
of public records. A hearing shall be held on a request for injunction upon
reasonable notice as determined by the court to persons requesting access
to the record which is the subject of the request for injunction. It shall
be the duty of the lawful custodian and any other person seeking an injunction
to ensure compliance with the notice requirement. Such an injunction may
be issued only if the petition supported by affidavit shows and if the court
finds both of the following:
a. That the examination would clearly not be in the public interest.
b. That the examination would substantially and irreparably injure any person
or persons.
2. An injunction shall be subject to the rules of civil procedure except
that the court in its discretion may waive bond.
3. In actions brought under this section the district court shall take into
account the policy of this chapter that free and open examination of public
records is generally in the public interest even though such examination
may cause inconvenience or embarrassment to public officials or others.
A court may issue an injunction restraining examination of a public record
or a narrowly drawn class of such records, only if the person seeking the
injunction demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that this section
authorizes its issuance. An injunction restraining the examination of a
narrowly drawn class of public records may be issued only if such an injunction
would be justified under this section for every member within the class
of records involved if each of those members were considered separately.
4. Good faith, reasonable delay by a lawful custodian in permitting the
examination and copying of a government record is not a violation of this
chapter if the purpose of the delay is any of the following:
a. To seek an injunction under this section.
b. To determine whether the lawful custodian is entitled to seek such an
injunction or should seek such an injunction.
c. To determine whether the government record in question is a public record,
or confidential record.
d. To determine whether a confidential record should be available for inspection
and copying to the person requesting the right to do so. A reasonable delay
for this purpose shall not exceed twenty calendar days and ordinarily should
not exceed ten business days.
e. Actions for injunctions under this section may be brought by the lawful
custodian of a government record, or by another government body or person
who would be aggrieved or adversely affected by the examination or copy
ing of such a record.
f. The rights and remedies provided by this section are in addition to any
rights and remedies provided by section 17A.19.
22.9 Denial of federal funds rules.
If it is determined that any provision of this chapter would cause the denial
of funds, services or essential information from the United States government
which would otherwise definitely be available to an agency of this state,
such provision shall be suspended as to such agency, but only to the extent
necessary to prevent denial of such funds, services, or essential information.
An agency within the meaning of section 17A.2, subsection 1 shall adopt
as a rule, in each situation where this section is believed applicable,
its determination identifying those particular provisions of this chapter
that must be waived in the circumstances to prevent the denial of federal
funds, services or information.
22.10 Civil enforcement.
1. The rights and remedies provided by this section are in addition to any
rights and remedies provided by section 17A.19. Any aggrieved person, any
taxpayer to or citizen of the state of Iowa, or the attorney general or
any county attorney, may seek judicial enforcement of the requirements of
this chapter in an action brought against the lawful custodian and any other
persons who would be appropriate defendants under the circumstances. Suits
to enforce this chapter shall be brought in the district court for the county
in which the lawful custodian has its principal place of business.
2. Once a party seeking judicial enforcement of this chapter demonstrates
to the court that the defendant is subject to the requirements of this chapter,
that the records in question are government records, and that the defendant
refused to make those government records available for examination and copying
by the plaintiff, the burden of going forward shall be on the defendant
to demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this chapter.
3. Upon a finding by a preponderance of the evidence that a lawful custodian
has violated any provision of this chapter, a court:
a. Shall issue an injunction punishable by civil contempt ordering the offending
lawful custodian and other appropriate persons to comply with the requirements
of this chapter in the case before it and, if appropriate, may order the
lawful custodian and other appropriate persons to refrain for one year from
any future violations of this chapter.
b. Shall assess the persons who participated in its violation damages in
the amount of not more than five hundred dollars nor less than one hundred
dollars. These damages shall be paid by the court imposing them to the state
of Iowa if the body in question is a state government body, or to the local
government involved if the body in question is a local government body.
A person found to have violated this chapter shall not be assessed such
damages if that person proves that the person either voted against the action
violating this chapter, refused to participate in the action violating this
chapter, or engaged in reasonable efforts under the circumstances to resist
or prevent the action in violation of this chapter; had good reason to believe
and in good faith believed facts which, if true, would have indicated compliance
with the requirements of this chapter; or reasonably relied upon a decision
of a court or an opinion of the attorney general or the attorney for the
government body.
c. Shall order the payment of all costs and reasonable attorneys fees, including
appellate attorneys fees, to any plaintiff successfully establishing a violation
of this chapter in the action brought under this section. The costs and
fees shall be paid by the particular persons who were assessed damages under
paragraph "b" of this subsection. If no such persons exist because
they have a lawful defense under that paragraph to the imposition of such
damages, the costs and fees shall be paid to the successful plaintiff from
the budget of the offending government body or its parent.
d. Shall issue an order removing a person from office if that person has
engaged in two prior violations of this chapter for which damages were assessed
against the person during the person's term.
4. Ignorance of the legal requirements of this chapter is not a defense
to an enforcement proceeding brought under this section. A lawful custodian
or its designee in doubt about the legality of allowing the examination
or copying of a government record is authorized to bring suit at the expense
of that government body in the district court of the county of the lawful
custodian's principal place of business, or to seek an opinion of the attorney
general or the attorney for the lawful custodian, to ascertain the legality
of any such action.
5. Judicial enforcement under this section does not preclude a criminal
prosecution under section 22.6 or any other applicable criminal provision.
22.11 Fair information practices.
This section may be cited as the "Iowa Fair Information Practices Act."
It is the intent of this section to require that the information policies
of state agencies are clearly defined and subject to public review and comment.
1. Each state agency as defined in chapter 17A shall adopt rules which provide
the following:
a. The nature and extent of the personally identifiable information collected
by the agency, the legal authority for the collection of that information,
and a description of the means of storage.
b. A description of which of its records are public records, which are confidential
records and which are partially public and partially confidential records
and the legal authority for the confidentiality of the records. The description
shall indicate whether the records contain personally identifiable information.
c. The procedure for providing the public with access to public records.
d. The procedures for allowing a person to review a government record about
that person and have additions, dissents, or objections entered in that
record unless the review is prohibited by statute.
e. The procedures by which the subject of a confidential record may have
a copy of that record released to a named third party.
f. The procedures by which the agency shall notify persons supplying information
requested by the agency of the use that will be made of the information,
which persons outside of the agency might routinely be provided this information,
which parts of the information requested are required and which are optional
and the consequences of failing to provide the information requested.
g. Whether a data processing system matches, collates, or permits the comparison
of personally identifiable information in one record system with personally
identifiable information in another record system.
2. A state agency shall not use any personally identifiable information
after July 1, 1988 unless it is in a record system described by the rules
required by this section.
22.12 Political subdivisions.
A political subdivision or public body which is not a state agency as defined
in chapter 17A is not required to adopt policies to implement section 22.11.
However, if a public body chooses to adopt policies to implement section
22.11 the policies must be adopted by the elected governing body of the
political subdivision of which the public body is a part. The elected governing
body must give reasonable notice, make the proposed policy available for
public inspection and allow full opportunity for the public to comment before
adopting the policy. If the public body is established pursuant to an agreement
under chapter 28E, the policy must be adopted by a majority of the public
agencies party to the agreement. These policies shall be kept in the office
of the county auditor if adopted by the board of supervisors, the city clerk
if adopted by a city, and the chief administrative officer of the public
body if adopted by some other elected governing body.
22.13 Settlements - governmental bodies.
A written summary of the terms of settlement, including amounts of payments
made to or through a claimant, or other disposition of any claim for damages
made against a governmental body or against an employee, officer, or agent
of a governmental body, by an insurer pursuant to a contract of liability
insurance issued to the governmental body, shall be filed with the governmental
body and made a public record.
22.14 Public funds investment records in custody
of third parties.
1. The records of investment transactions made by or on behalf of a public
body are public records and are the property of the public body whether
in the custody of the public body or in the custody of a fiduciary or other
third party.
2. If such records of public investment transactions are in the custody
of a fiduciary or other third party, the public body shall obtain from the
fiduciary or other third party records requested pursuant to section 22.2.
3. If a fiduciary or other third party with custody of public investment
transactions records fails to produce public records within a reasonable
period of time as requested by the public body, the public body shall make
no new investments with or through the fiduciary or other third party and
shall not renew existing investments upon their maturity with or through
the fiduciary or other third party. The fiduciary or other third party shall
be liable for the penalties imposed under section 22.6 due to the acts or
omissions of the fiduciary or other third party and any other remedies available
under statute, common law, or contract.
Table of Contents
Rules of Thumb: Chapter
21
Introduction
Sustaining/First Amendment Members
Iowa Code: Chapter 21
Questions About Chapter 21
Questions About Chapter 22
Notes and Additions
Rules of Thumb: Chapter 22